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A map of Luzon, Philippines divided into military and civilian regions. Made for the American military, it features roads, railways, telegraph lines, mountains and rivers. An inset map of Manila shows military, civil and religious buildings.

This map of part of the Philippine island of Luzon was compiled during the Philippine–American War (1899–1902), and is marked with routes (paths, wagon roads), land types (grass, woods, swamp) and crops (rice, coconuts, nipa palm, cane sugar, corn).

A plan of the city of Manila, Philippines, showing the streets and buildings—categorised as military (coloured red), civil (yellow) or religious (blue)—around the Pasig River. The city is surrounded by suburbs, fields and wetlands.

Plan of the city of Manila, Philippines, showing the streets and buildings—categorised as military, civil or religious—around the Pasig River. Maritime routes are highlighted on inset maps of Manila Bay, the Philippines and the world.

A large-scale topographical map of the states of Hsipaw, Lawksawk and Mongkung, within the Shan State of Burma (Myanmar). Elevation is indicated by contour lines, and travel and trade routes, villages, areas of cultivation and markets are also shown.

A late 19th century plan of the city of Manila, Philippines, showing the streets and buildings—categorised as military, civil or religious—around the Pasig River. The city is surrounded by suburbs, fields and wetlands.

Created by the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War, this reconnaissance map of a small area south of Manila features Spanish (red) and American (blue) trenches, as well as roads, buildings and ground conditions (firm ground, swamps, bamboo).

This map of the island of Billiton (Belitung, Indonesia) features mountains, rivers, railways, roads, settlements, coconut plantations and administrative borders. An inset map shows the island’s port and capital city Tanjung Pandan.

A late 19th century map depicting a route from Hanoi to That-Khe via Lang-Son (in northern Vietnam, near the border with China at Kouang-Si (Guangxi)). Two inset maps feature plans of military forts, villages, rivers and fields along the route.

A map to aid in the navigation of the rivers leading to Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam). Details include bathymetry (water depth), currents, and a side view (or ‘elevation’) of hills to use as a landmark. Tides are described in written remarks.

A map of the northern coast of Java and the important port cities of Batavia (Jakarta) and Bantem (Banten). The web of lines is a rhumbline network, and shoals, reefs and bathymetry (sea depth) are marked, all to aid navigation.

The London-based cartographer Herman Moll (1654?–1732) created this map of Asia in the early 18th century. There are five insets showing Asian trading cities, including of the ports of Batavia (Jakarta) and Bantam (Banten) in western Java.