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Navigation chart of the Sunda Strait, showing bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and reefs, landmarks, and a rhumbline network. Notes record good anchorages, sources of water and supplies etc. Inset map of the Zutphen Islands off the coast of Sumatra.

A map of the China Sea between Malaya, Sumatra and Borneo. The numbers indicate sea depth (bathymetry), and there are drawings of the side views of some of the islands (elevations), both used to aid navigation. Some maritime routes are also marked.

A page from Abbé Prévost’s ‘Histoire Générale des Voyages’. The top map shows the Bay of Laphao on Timor, while the other drawings are side views (or ‘elevations’) of mountains on the region’s islands to use as landmarks when navigating.

The many navigation aids marked on this map, including bathymetry (sea depth), anchor points, shoals, and elevations of hills, were designed to guide ships around this part of the west coast of Timor. The Dutch fort Concordia is also marked.

Hand-drawn map of islands in the Riau Archipelago, with bathymetry (sea depth) marked. It features side views of hills (‘elevations’) to use as landmarks, including ‘Jehore hill’, probably in Johor at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula.

A map to aid navigation around the Bay of Touranne (Bay of Turon, location of modern city of Da Nang, Vietnam). The web of lines is a rhumbline network, and bathymetry (sea depth), anchor points and two elevation views of the coasts are shown.

There is a port at the south of this map of the Côn Đảo archipelago (Vietnam), and notes giving details such as a suitable location to careen ships (turning a ship on its side for cleaning or repair). A ruined English fort is also marked.

Map of the coast of Selangor on the west of the Malay Peninsula. The web of lines is a rhumbline network, the numbers indicate sea depth (bathymetry), and there are drawings of the side views of mountains (elevations), all to aid navigation.

Navigation map of the coast of the ancient kingdom of Pégou and near the town of Martaban (Mottama), Myanmar. Bathymetry (sea depth), anchor points, notes on currents and obstructions are marked, and there are drawings of side views of coastal hills.

Map of the coast of Selangor on the west of the Malay Peninsula. The web of lines is a rhumbline network, the numbers indicate sea depth (bathymetry), and there are drawings of the side views of mountains (elevations), all to aid navigation.

Navigation map of the coast of the ancient kingdom of Pégou and near the town of Martaban (Mottama), Myanmar. Bathymetry (sea depth), anchor points, notes on currents and obstructions are marked, and there are drawings of side views of coastal hills.

This map uses a variety of methods to aid navigation, including a rhumbline network (a web of lines to help plot routes). The numbers on the sea surface indicate depth (bathymetry), and the drawings of mountains (elevations) were used as landmarks.