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Map of the city of Padang on the west coast of Sumatra, with inset maps of the nearby islands, featuring residential, business, government and military areas. There are also agricultural areas with coconut, nutmeg, bamboo, nipa palm and sago palm.

From a Dutch geographical society journal, this map of the west coast of Atjeh (Aceh), Sumatra, shows shoals, reefs, bathymetry (sea depth) and anchor points. On land, there are mountains (with heights), rivers, pepper plantations and rice fields.

Nine maps of the effects of the 1883 Krakatoa volcanic eruption, including on Rakata Island itself, and Calmeyer Island (formed by the eruption). Other maps use brown shading to show the flooding of nearby islands and settlements by ensuing tsunamis.

A map of the administrative divisions of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. The mountains of western Sumatra and the central Malay Peninsula are represented by hachures: short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain.

This detailed map of the Dutch East Indies in the mid-19th century contains a great deal of information: topographical details, settlements and administrative areas, roads, railways and maritime routes, telegraph lines, inset maps etc.

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region (assistant residency) of Benkoelen (Bengkulu, Sumatra), with an inset map of the Mentawai Islands. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region (assistant residency) of Benkoelen (Bengkulu, Sumatra). Inset map of Nias Island and the Batu Islands. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region (assistant residency) of Benkoelen (Bengkulu, Sumatra). There is an inset map of the Banyak Islands. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the eastern half of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Palembang, Sumatra. A fort is marked in the town of Batoeradja. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region of Sumatra’s Westkust (Sumatra’s West Coast). A route into the port of Sibogha (Sibolga) is marked. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region of Sumatra’s Westkust (Sumatra’s West Coast). The sea is marked with bathymetry (sea depth). (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region of Sumatra’s Westkust (Sumatra’s West Coast). The sea is marked with bathymetry (sea depth). (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)