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Map focusing on Kota Radja (city of Banda Aceh, Sumatra) during the Aceh War (1873–1904) fought between the Sultanate of Aceh and Dutch colonists. Dutch forts are shown in a zone around the city, and villages are marked in the surrounding country.

On this map of the east coast of northern Sumatra, red borders divide the land into agricultural properties, each with a number to identify it. The whole area is divided into colour-coded administrative districts.

This map of Sumatra is divided into administrative areas called ‘residencies’, which include the surrounding islands such as the Riau Archipelago and islands in the South China Sea.

The use of hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—highlight the mountain ranges along the west coast of Sumatra, with rivers flowing east. There is an inset map of the residency of Groot-Atjih (Aceh).

The use of hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—highlight the mountain ranges along the west coast of Sumatra, with rivers flowing east. The island is divided into administrative ‘residencies’.

A mid-19th century map of Celebes (Sulawesi) and the Lesser Sunda Islands, divided into colour-coded administrative districts.

This map shows Java and Bali divided into Dutch colonial administrative areas (‘residencies’), and features mountains, rivers, settlements, and routes. It was designed to be folded within book covers so it could be easily carried.

This map shows Java and Bali divided into Dutch colonial administrative areas (‘residencies’), and features mountains, rivers, settlements, and routes. It was designed to be folded within book covers so it could be easily carried.

The use of hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—highlight the mountain ranges along the west coast of Sumatra, with rivers flowing east. The island is divided into administrative ‘residencies’.