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A map of a small island chain off the west coast of the island of Gilola (modern Halmahera in the Maluku Islands of Indonesia). The military forts on the islands were used by the European colonial powers during conflicts over the area’s spice trade.

Map of the ‘Spice Islands’ of maritime Southeast Asia, including the Maluku Islands. It is decorated with a drawing of an Asian man holding a large bird and a spear, and surrounded by baskets and boxes of goods of the spice trade.

The title cartouche of this early 18th century map of Southeast Asia is decorated with two drawings of battles. On the left, a sea battle with smoke rising from the ships’ cannons. On the right, an army attacks a walled city which is on fire.