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The border of the Kingdom of Siam (Thailand) and its internal administrative districts are highlighted in yellow. Inset maps show the cities of Bangkok, Chiengmai (Chiang Mai) and Luang Pra Bang (Luang Prabang) in more detail.

Spread over four sheets, this topographical map was based on the explorations of the French civil servant Auguste Pavie. Lasting 16 years (1879–1895), his ‘Missions Pavie’ explored all of mainland Southeast Asia.

Topographical map of mainland Southeast Asia. Mountains are represented by hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—and settlements, roads and rivers are marked.

A late 19th century map of the Dutch East Indies on four sheets, detailing maritime routes around the region. There are also inset maps showing railways, rivers, roads, and telegraph systems, as well as individual islands and cities.