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The Kapoewas (Kapuas) and Melawi rivers converge on this map of the town of Sintang, Borneo. The town lines the river banks, surrounded by forest, wetlands, fields, bamboo, and coconut trees. Arrows on the rivers mark the direction of their flow.

The Kapoewas (Kapuas) and Melawi rivers converge on this map of the town of Sintang, Borneo. The town lines the river banks, and is surrounded by fields, forest and marshland. Arrows on the rivers mark the direction of their flow.

A map of government land around the town of Montrado, Borneo, a gold mining centre in the 19th century, as shown by the number of gold mines (‘goudmijn’) marked. There are also crops—coconut, alang-alang, bamboo—and agricultural and fish ponds.

Map of the crops—coconut, alang-alang, rice, nipa palm, bamboo—grown along the Mempawah River (west coast of Borneo). There are also large areas of swampy forest, Malay mosques, shrines and graveyards, and Chinese villages, temples and graveyards.

Navigation map of the mouth of the Padang Tikar River, on the west coast of Borneo, featuring bathymetric (water depth) routes. Obstructions are marked with letters: ‘m’ (mud), ‘z’ (sand). Trees, hills and fishermen’s houses are shown as landmarks.

Navigation map of the mouth of the Padang Tikar River, on the west coast of Borneo, featuring bathymetric (water depth) routes. Obstructions are marked with letters: ‘m’ (mud), ‘z’ (sand). Trees, hills and fishermen’s houses are shown as landmarks.

This map highlights the judicial system in the Dutch East Indies (‘Nederlands-Indië’) in the late 19th century. Different colours indicate the areas of authority of the different courts of law. There is an inset map of Java.

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative regions of western Borneo, featuring mountains, rivers and settlements. (One of four sheets covering Borneo from ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative regions of southwest Borneo, featuring mountains, rivers and settlements. (One of four sheets covering Borneo from ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative regions of southeast Borneo, featuring mountains, rivers and settlements. (One of four sheets covering Borneo from ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative regions of northeast Borneo, featuring mountains, rivers and settlements. (One of four sheets covering Borneo from ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

A geological map of western Borneo made by a mine engineer, showing the types of soil, coal, clay, and rock (limestone, sandstone, granite, basalt), as well as gold, diamonds, tin, copper and iron found along the rivers.