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Navigation map of the southwest coast of Celebes (Sulawesi), near Makassar. Bathymetry (sea depth), lighthouses (in red and yellow, with circles to show the extent of their range), shoals and other obstructions are marked.

This map highlights the colonisation of Southeast Asia, showing French Indochina (green), British Burma and Malaya (orange), the Dutch East Indies (pink), and the Spanish Philippines (green). In the region, only Siam (yellow) is independent.

A late 19th century map of the Minahasa Peninsula, northern Celebes (Sulawesi), marked with the locations of mines (‘mÿnen’). The red borders indicate areas for ‘mijnbouwkundig onderzoek [mining research]’.

Late 19th century map of the Makassar Strait between Borneo and Celebes (Sulawesi), with shoals and reefs, bathymetry (sea depth), shipwrecks and other navigation aids marked. On land, mountains, with their heights, and rivers are shown.

Navigation map of the west coast of Celebes (Sulawesi), north of Makassar. Bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and other obstructions are marked, with hills and settlements as landmarks, and elevations (side views of hills) to aid navigation.

Navigation map of the west coast of Celebes (Sulawesi), north of Makassar. Bathymetry (sea depth), lighthouses, shoals and other obstructions are marked, with trees and hills as landmarks, and elevations (side views of hills) to aid navigation.

Navigation map of the west coast of Celebes (Sulawesi), north of Makassar. Bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and other obstructions are marked, with hills and settlements as landmarks, and elevations (side views of hills) to aid navigation.

Two maps of bays of Celebes (Sulawesi), including bathymetry (sea depth), reefs and shoals, and coastal hills to use as landmarks. Obstructions in the water are marked ‘kr’ for coral, ‘m’ for mud, ‘st’ for stones, and ‘z’ for sand.

Geological map of the Minahasa Peninsula, Celebes (Sulawesi) showing rock types. Two more topographical maps show the terrain of the northeast tip of the peninsula, with elevation views including of the volcano Mount Klabat.

Two navigation maps for the north coast of Celebes (Sulawesi), featuring bathymetry (sea depth), landmark mountains, reefs and shoals. Obstructions in the water are marked ‘kr’ (coral), ‘m’ (mud), ‘s’ (shells), ‘st’ (stones), and ‘z’ (sand).

Southeast Asia is on sheet four of this map. British colonial territory—British Burma, the Straits Settlements, Sarawak, Brunei, British North Borneo—is highlighted in red, with Dutch, Spanish, French and Portuguese territory also shown.

Dutch-language map of Asia, with mainland Southeast Asia labelled ‘Achter Indie [Beyond India]’.