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Map highlighting areas of eastern Siam (Thailand) claimed by France. Notes describe Siam’s geography, government, population, military and trade (rice, teak, pepper, bullocks, fish, hides, tin, cardamom, tin), including trading partners by tonnage.

The seas of the Dutch East Indies are the focus of this map, with maritime routes, sea temperature, sea depth, currents and monsoons shown. There are graphs of population by ethnicity, agriculture and livestock, trade and shipping, and trade exports.

Hand-drawn map of the design of a drinking water pipeline for the city of Cheribon (Cirebon) on the northern coast of Java. Roads, rivers, rice paddies and other fields are shown. The written notes include the city’s population figures by ethnicity.

Map of an expedition exploring two rivers and their tributaries in southern Borneo. Villages and farms are marked (in red for Malay people; in black for Dayak people). Red numbers show height above sea-level in meters; black numbers show latitude.

Map of the Minahasa and East peninsulas of Celebes (Sulawesi) focusing on the road system (shown by red lines). There are four inset maps, including one showing indigenous tribal areas, and a list of places with their latitude, longitude and height.

This map shows the border between the British Empire (modern Bangladesh) and Burmah (Myanmar). Although the Burmah part of the map is mostly blank, there is a reference to ‘Shendoos’ (now known as the Lai people).

Map of Burma spread over two sheets, labelled with the names of indigenous ‘tribes’ (uppercase red text), mountains, rivers, forests and plantations (teak, bamboo, sappanwood).

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region of the island of Billiton (Belitung). The population is listed by race, and tin production by year. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

On this map of Asia, the South China Sea is labelled ‘Malayan Sea’. Small islands, shoals and reefs are shown. A label in Cochin China (Vietnam) reads ‘mountains inhabited by the uncivilized people called Kemoys’.

On this map of Asia, the South China Sea is labelled ‘Malayan Sea’. Small islands, shoals and reefs are shown. A label in Cochin China (Vietnam) reads ‘mountains inhabited by the uncivilized people called Kemoys’.

Brief notes printed on this 19th century map of Southeast Asia provide details about each region, including: numbers and ethnicity of the population, local or colonial rulers, crops and products, geography (corals, forests, volcanos, earthquakes).

Map of Assam, including India’s border with northwest Birma (Myanmar) where indigenous lands/peoples are marked (Singphos, Naga, Kasi-Schan, Thai-Lung) e.g. ‘These mountainous landscapes are inhabited by the Naga tribes [translation from map text]’.