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A map charting the effects of the 1883 Krakatoa volcanic eruption: a red circle where the eruption was heard; black lines showing the hourly spread of the resulting waves; and a list of ships on which ash fell, or that encountered pumice (with date).

A late 19th century map of the Dutch East Indies on four sheets, detailing maritime routes around the region. There are also inset maps showing railways, rivers, roads, and telegraph systems, as well as individual islands and cities.

Map of the Dutch East Indies, divided into administrative regions with coloured borders. There is an inset map of the important port city of Batavia (Jakarta) and its surroundings.

Map of the Dutch East Indies, divided into administrative regions with coloured borders. There is an inset map of the important port city of Batavia (Jakarta) and its surroundings.

This detailed map of the Dutch East Indies in the mid-19th century contains a great deal of information: topographical details, settlements and administrative areas, roads, railways and maritime routes, telegraph lines, inset maps etc.

Map of Asia published by the North Holland Regional Association of the Dutch Teachers' Association. Mainland Southeast Asia is labelled ‘Achter Indie [Beyond India]’; the Indonesian Archipelago is labelled ‘Indische Archipel [Indian Archipelago]’.

Map of Asia published by the North Holland Regional Association of the Dutch Teachers' Association. Mainland Southeast Asia is labelled ‘Achter Indie [Beyond India]’; the Indonesian Archipelago is labelled ‘Indische Archipel [Indian Archipelago]’.

Two maps of the Dutch East Indies: one of the whole region, and one of Java alone. Both are divided into administrative regions—e.g. Java is divided into regencies—with coloured borders.

Two maps of the Dutch East Indies: one of the whole region, and one of Java alone. Both are divided into administrative regions—e.g. Java is divided into regencies—with coloured borders.

Some regions on this map of Southeast have a descriptive label: New Guinea is described as unknown to Europeans; Borneo was abandoned by Europeans due to the ‘unmanageability’ of the inhabitants; the Philippines were discovered by Spain in 1565.

Some regions on this map of Southeast have a descriptive label: New Guinea is described as unknown to Europeans; Borneo was abandoned by Europeans due to the ‘unmanageability’ of the inhabitants; the Philippines were discovered by Spain in 1565.

Map of Asia featuring an early—and very vague—depiction of New Britain (‘Nieuw Brittanje’) which was named by the British explorer William Dampier when he visited in 1700. The ‘Straat van Dampier’ is also shown, dividing New Britain from New Guinea.