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The Kapoewas (Kapuas) and Melawi rivers converge on this map of the town of Sintang, Borneo. The town lines the river banks, surrounded by forest, wetlands, fields, bamboo, and coconut trees. Arrows on the rivers mark the direction of their flow.

The Kapoewas (Kapuas) and Melawi rivers converge on this map of the town of Sintang, Borneo. The town lines the river banks, and is surrounded by fields, forest and marshland. Arrows on the rivers mark the direction of their flow.

A map of government land around the town of Montrado, Borneo, a gold mining centre in the 19th century, as shown by the number of gold mines (‘goudmijn’) marked. There are also crops—coconut, alang-alang, bamboo—and agricultural and fish ponds.

Map of the crops—coconut, alang-alang, rice, nipa palm, bamboo—grown along the Mempawah River (west coast of Borneo). There are also large areas of swampy forest, Malay mosques, shrines and graveyards, and Chinese villages, temples and graveyards.

A map of the department of Deli, Java, divided into administrative districts, and spread over eight sheets. Rivers, railways, roads and paths, forests and mountains, and crops—rice, coconut, pepper, nutmeg, alang-alang—are marked.

Topographic map of the island of Bawean in the Java Sea, with terrain shown by contour lines, and mountains labelled with their heights. Villages, forests (heavy, light, teakwood) and crops (coconut, coffee, alang-alang, rice, bamboo) are marked.

Map of the city of Malang, Java, featuring the railway station, military camp, hospital, market etc. The surrounding area has villages, rivers and crops: rice (paddy) fields, coffee, alang-alang, bamboo. Red numbers represent height above sea-level.

Rivers and crops are the focus of this map of the northeast coast of Sumatra. Forests and wetlands are marked, as are alang-alang, coconut, pepper, nutmeg and tobacco. Roads are shown as suitable for infantry and light artillery, or for horse riding.

Map of the city of Djokakarta (Yogyakarta, Java), featuring streets and buildings, as well as a military fort, public square and railway station. The surrounding area has rice (paddy) fields and villages.

A mid-19th century map of the city of Soerabaija (Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia) showing its recently built defences, including the ‘Citadel Prins Hendrik’ fort and a walled moat. Outside the city are villages, plantations and fields.

A mid-19th century map of the important port of Batavia (Jakarta), with its pier, commercial centre and residential streets. However, the city is also surrounded by villages (kampongs), fields and plantations. An inset map shows Batavia Castle.

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Soerakarta (Surakarta, Java). Inset map of Surakarta city, with a military fort and two palaces. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)