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The Kapoewas (Kapuas) and Melawi rivers converge on this map of the town of Sintang, Borneo. The town lines the river banks, and is surrounded by fields, forest and marshland. Arrows on the rivers mark the direction of their flow.

A map of government land around the town of Montrado, Borneo, a gold mining centre in the 19th century, as shown by the number of gold mines (‘goudmijn’) marked. There are also crops—coconut, alang-alang, bamboo—and agricultural and fish ponds.

Map of Upper Burma, with the city of Mandalay highlighted in red in the centre, and featuring the Irrawaddy and Chindwin rivers, roads and settlements. Mountains, forests and mines (coal, silver, rubies, amber) are marked.

The Straits Settlements are in red, with the rest of the map marked with names of local peoples (‘Inhabited by the Johor Jakuns’) and resources (mines). Many areas are left blank or vague as unexplored or approximate. Inset map of Singapore city.

The Straits Settlements are in red, with the rest of the map marked with names of local peoples (‘Inhabited by the Johor Jakuns’) and resources (mines). Many areas are left blank or vague as unexplored or approximate. Inset map of Singapore city.

This map of Billiton (Belitung, Indonesia) features details of the island’s mining operations: blue borders divide the island into five mining districts, within which mines are represented by red crosses with an identifying number.

A topographical and geological map of southern Sumatra, over four sheets. Areas of igneous and sedimentary rock, coal, fossils, petroleum, active volcanoes and hot springs are marked, along with mountains, rivers and marshland, roads and settlements.

Six-sheet map of the Malay Peninsula, featuring settlements, mountains and rivers. Labels note names of indigenous peoples, or describe terrain/resources. There is an inset map of Singapore town, and the Straits Settlements are highlighted in red.

This map of mainland Southeast Asia features short texts noting mines, trade routes and travel times (‘5 to 7 days on Elephants’), history (‘conquered by the King of Siam 1809’), peoples (‘states tributary to the Chinese’) and products (‘Tea Tree’).

A geological map, spread over eight sheets, showing the types of rock and minerals found in the Oembilien coalfield, in the Padang Highlands on Sumatra’s west coast. There are also additional geological profiles.

This geological map of the district of Toboali (Bangka Island, east of Sumatra) uses colours to depict types of rocks, soils and minerals. Tin mining areas are also highlighted.

A geological map showing the types of rock and minerals found in Blinjoe district on the island of Bangka, off the east coast of Sumatra. Deposits of iron, quartz and tin are marked, and coral is shown at the coast.