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This late 19th century map records the average rainfall at a variety of locations—marked with blue dots—on Java. Three types of forest are also shown: cultivated forest, wild forest under management, and wild forest not under management.

A map of Groot-Atjceh and the city of Kota Radja (modern Banda Aceh) at the northern tip of Sumatra, detailing routes (rivers, roads, railways), crops (rice, banana, sugarcane, betel, reed, alang-alang, bamboo) and land features (forests, wetlands).

Map of the city of Padang on the west coast of Sumatra, with inset maps of the nearby islands, featuring residential, business, government and military areas. There are also agricultural areas with coconut, nutmeg, bamboo, nipa palm and sago palm.

Map of the town of Ngabang, on the Landak River, Borneo and the surrounding forest and mountains. Around the town are cemeteries, a well, a jail and a Chinese temple. Bamboo, coconut trees, fishing ponds and fields (including alang-alang) are marked.

The Kapoewas (Kapuas) and Melawi rivers converge on this map of the town of Sintang, Borneo. The town lines the river banks, and is surrounded by fields, forest and marshland. Arrows on the rivers mark the direction of their flow.

A map of government land around the town of Montrado, Borneo, a gold mining centre in the 19th century, as shown by the number of gold mines (‘goudmijn’) marked. There are also crops—coconut, alang-alang, bamboo—and agricultural and fish ponds.

Map of the crops—coconut, alang-alang, rice, nipa palm, bamboo—grown along the Mempawah River (west coast of Borneo). There are also large areas of swampy forest, Malay mosques, shrines and graveyards, and Chinese villages, temples and graveyards.

A map of the department of Deli, Java, divided into administrative districts, and spread over eight sheets. Rivers, railways, roads and paths, forests and mountains, and crops—rice, coconut, pepper, nutmeg, alang-alang—are marked.

Topographic map of the island of Bawean in the Java Sea, with terrain shown by contour lines, and mountains labelled with their heights. Villages, forests (heavy, light, teakwood) and crops (coconut, coffee, alang-alang, rice, bamboo) are marked.

Map of the city of Malang, Java, featuring the railway station, military camp, hospital, market etc. The surrounding area has villages, rivers and crops: rice (paddy) fields, coffee, alang-alang, bamboo. Red numbers represent height above sea-level.

Rivers and crops are the focus of this map of the northeast coast of Sumatra. Forests and wetlands are marked, as are alang-alang, coconut, pepper, nutmeg and tobacco. Roads are shown as suitable for infantry and light artillery, or for horse riding.

A mid-19th century map of the city of Soerabaija (Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia) showing its recently built defences, including the ‘Citadel Prins Hendrik’ fort and a walled moat. Outside the city are villages, plantations and fields.