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Navigation map of the mouth of the Padang Tikar River, on the west coast of Borneo, featuring bathymetric (water depth) routes. Obstructions are marked with letters: ‘m’ (mud), ‘z’ (sand). Trees, hills and fishermen’s houses are shown as landmarks.

Navigation map of the mouth of the Padang Tikar River, on the west coast of Borneo, featuring bathymetric (water depth) routes. Obstructions are marked with letters: ‘m’ (mud), ‘z’ (sand). Trees, hills and fishermen’s houses are shown as landmarks.

Navigation map of the mouths of the Koealoe (Kualu) and Panei (Barumun and Bila) rivers on the east coast of Sumatra. Large sand and mud banks, bathymetry (sea depth), bouys and currents are marked. On land, tall trees are shown to use as landmarks.

Map of the Kai Islands, in the Banda Sea, designed for navigation: it features bathymetry (sea depth), tide data (arrows), reefs and shoals. Obstructions in the water are marked ‘kr’ (coral), ‘m’ (mud), ‘s’ (shells), ‘st’ (stones), and ‘z’ (sand).

Navigation map of the Riau Roadstead (off west coast of Bintan, Riau Archipelago): a body of water sheltered from tides/currents, for ships to anchor. Bathymetry (sea depth) and various obstructions and landmarks (hills, buildings, trees) are shown.

Fifteen separate maps of bays and river mouths of Sumatra, including bathymetry (sea depth), anchor points, reefs and shoals, and tide data. There is a drawing of the mouth of the Pidada-rivier.

Eleven separate maps of bays and river mouths of Sumatra, including two bays on the island on Bras (Breueh Island), and the bay at Kota Radja (Banda Aceh). Bathymetry (sea depth), anchor points, reefs and shoals are marked, along with tide data.

Map of the east coast of the Aru Islands (Maluku Islands), with bathymetry (sea depth), tides and currents, shoals and other obstructions. An inset map shows the anchorage at islands off the coast, along with elevation views of the islands.

Navigation map of the waters around the islands of Bengkalis, Pedang and Tebingtinggi, off the east coast of Sumatra. Bathymetry (sea depth), tide data, reefs, shoals and other obstructions (clay, mud, shells, sand) are marked.

Map of the mouth of the Rokan River on the east coast of Sumatra. Bathymetry (sea depth), tide data, reefs, shoals and other obstructions (clay, mud, shells, sand) are marked. Underlined numbers give the height of the ground above the water.

Four navigation maps of the waterways and anchorages around the east coast of the Aru Islands (in the Maluku Islands, near New Guinea). Bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and other obstructions are shown, with trees and villages to use as landmarks.

Four navigation maps of waterways on the northeast coast of Borneo, including the Karang Muaras reef. Anchorages, bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and other obstructions are shown, with trees, hills and elevations (side views of hills) as landmarks.