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The Aceh War (1873–1904) between the Sultanate of Aceh and Dutch colonists is highlighted on this map of Groot-Atjeh in 1876. Flag symbols mark the locations of Dutch troops, while a red line records the route marched by ‘agitating troops’ in 1875-6.

Hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—are used to show the mountains of Sumatra’s west coast, and of the Padang Highlands and Lowlands. Text lists the heights of some of the region’s chief mountains.