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This map of the Madura Strait between Java and Madura is designed to aid navigation: bathymetry (water depth), lighthouses, shoals and reefs, rocks and mud, anchor points, and landmark mountains are all marked. Text describes the tidal conditions.

Five maps of bays of Java, including bathymetry (sea depth), anchor points, coastal hills, tide data, reefs and shoals. Obstructions in the water are marked ‘gr’ (rough), ‘h’ (hard), ‘k’ (clay), ‘kr’ (coral), ‘m’ (mud), ‘st’ (stones), and ‘z’ (sand).

Navigation map of the waters around the islands of Bengkalis, Pedang and Tebingtinggi, off the east coast of Sumatra. Bathymetry (sea depth), tide data, reefs, shoals and other obstructions (clay, mud, shells, sand) are marked.

Map of the mouth of the Rokan River on the east coast of Sumatra. Bathymetry (sea depth), tide data, reefs, shoals and other obstructions (clay, mud, shells, sand) are marked. Underlined numbers give the height of the ground above the water.

Eight navigation maps from around the south coast of Celebes (Sulawesi). Anchorages, roadsteads (bodies of water sheltered from tides/currents), bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and other obstructions are shown, with hills and settlements as landmarks.

Map of the Kai Islands, in the Banda Sea, designed for navigation: it features bathymetry (sea depth), tide data (arrows), reefs and shoals. Obstructions in the water are marked ‘kr’ (coral), ‘m’ (mud), ‘s’ (shells), ‘st’ (stones), and ‘z’ (sand).

Map of the Karimunjawa Islands (Java Sea) marked with the locations of shoals, reefs, anchor points and sea depth (bathymetry) to aid navigation; and with geological sites (recent rock/coral formation, basalt rock, schist rock and quartz).

Produced by the British Admiralty’s Hydrographic Office, this map includes various navigational aids, such as maritime routes, bathymetry (sea depth), tide and current data, and elevations (side views of hills and mountains to use as landmarks).

Map of the Penang Strait, including written instructions on how to navigate the strait. On land, areas of cultivation are marked, with a table listing acreage used for each crop. A boundary with Siam based on an 1831 treaty is also shown.

An early 19th century map of Singapore’s southern coast and islands, with bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and reefs, anchor points, and notes to aid navigation. The roads and main buildings of Singapore city are also shown.

A map to aid in the navigation of the rivers leading to Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam). Details include bathymetry (water depth), currents, and a side view (or ‘elevation’) of hills to use as a landmark. Tides are described in written remarks.