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Spread over four sheets, this topographical map was based on the explorations of the French civil servant Auguste Pavie. Lasting 16 years (1879–1895), his ‘Missions Pavie’ explored all of mainland Southeast Asia.

Map of the district of Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam), based around the Fleuve Soirap (Soài Rạp River) as it winds its way down to the South China Sea. The city of Saigon is on its banks, surrounded by more rivers, roads, fields and villages.

A late 19th century map depicting a route from Hanoi to That-Khe via Lang-Son (in northern Vietnam, near the border with China at Kouang-Si (Guangxi)). Two inset maps feature plans of military forts, villages, rivers and fields along the route.

Map of the province of Baria (Ba Ria) on the southeast coast of Vietnam. The town of Baria is in the centre, surrounded by mountains, rivers, roads, fields and villages.

Two-sheet map of the district of Bien-Hoa (Biên Hòa) east of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The area is dominated by rivers, wetlands and mangroves. Labels describe the terrain e.g. ‘Bois marécageux avec rivières [Swampy woods with rivers]’.

Map of Java and Madura divided into administrative districts, and featuring mountains, settlements and major roads. There is an inset map of the port city of Batavia (Jakarta) and its surrounding fields and countryside.

Map of Java and Madura divided into administrative districts, and featuring mountains, settlements and major roads. There is an inset map of the port city of Batavia (Jakarta) and its surrounding fields and countryside.

This map uses hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—to show Java’s mountains. There are also two side views (elevations) of the mountains showing the heights of various road routes across the island.

This map uses hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—to show Java’s mountains. There are also two side views (elevations) of the mountains showing the heights of various road routes across the island.

Map of Java divided into Dutch administrative areas (‘residencies’), and the Empire of Soerakarta and Kingdom of Djokjakarta, which were under indigenous rule (a note records the territories these indigenous areas lost in the Java War (1825–1830)).

This colourful mid-18th century plan of the city of Amboine (Ambon, capital of Ambon Island, in the Maluku Islands, Indonesia) has a detailed legend identifying locations within the city and the surrounding mountains. The text is in French and Dutch.

Map of the Meinam (Chao Phraya) river from the city of Judia (Ayutthaya) to its mouth near Bangkok. Features temples, villages, a Bishop's Palace, a fort at Bangkok, and a ‘Champ des Eléphans [Elephant Field]’. The text is in French and Dutch.