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The thick black lines on this map represent proposed routes for new railway lines in mid-19th century Java. The island is divided into administrative regions, with significant mountains and rivers marked.

The residency of Banjoemaas (Banyumas), Central Java, featuring plantations (bamboo, teakwood, coconut, coffee, cinnamon) and rice; routes (road, postal), administrative borders; mountains, rivers, wetlands, forests.

The residency of Bagelen, Central Java, is shown divided into regencies and districts. Coffee, tea and cinnamon plantations, fields of rice, alang-alang and other crops, mountains, rivers, hot and mineral springs, settlements and routes are marked.

Detailed map of Java based on the expeditions of the geologist and botanist Dr. Franz Junghuhn. There are 16 inset maps featuring volcanoes, mountains and coal seams.

Detailed map of Java based on the expeditions of the geologist and botanist Dr. Franz Junghuhn. There are 16 inset maps featuring volcanoes, mountains and coal seams.

One sheet (of eight) from a map of the Dutch East Indies, used in schools in the mid-19th century. Java is divided into residencies, and mountains—represented by short lines/dashes called hachures—major roads and settlements are shown.

Map charting expeditions in southern and eastern Borneo by the German geologist Carl Schwaner in the 1840s. Includes an inset map of rivers and watersheds in central Borneo, nine cross sections of the heights of rivers, and a plan of a gold mine.

This map of Java and Madura uses hachures: short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain. Roads, railways and rivers are marked, as are anchor points and coral reefs (marked with letter ‘K.’ before their name).

Map of Java and Madura divided into administrative districts, and featuring mountains, settlements and major roads. There is an inset map of the port city of Batavia (Jakarta) and its surrounding fields and countryside.

This map of Java and Madura uses hachures: short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain. Roads, railways and rivers are marked, as are anchor points and coral reefs (marked with letter ‘K.’ before their name).

Map of Java and Madura divided into administrative districts, and featuring mountains, settlements and major roads. There is an inset map of the port city of Batavia (Jakarta) and its surrounding fields and countryside.

Map of the Asian colonial possessions of the Netherlands (Dutch East Indies), with an inset of the heights of some of the region’s mountains. A note describes the average temperature, barometer reading and magnetic declination in Batavia at the time.