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The Aceh War (1873–1904) between the Sultanate of Aceh and Dutch colonists is highlighted on this map of Groot-Atjeh in 1876. Flag symbols mark the locations of Dutch military posts, and some villages are described as ‘verbrande [burnt]’.

A mid-19th century map of the city of Soerabaija (Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia) showing its recently built defences, including the ‘Citadel Prins Hendrik’ fort and a walled moat. Outside the city are villages, plantations and fields.