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On this map of the island of Timor, the Dutch and Portuguese colonial territories are divided by orange borders. The Dutch territory—most of the western half of the island—is divided by green borders into administrative districts.

Topographic map of the island of Lombok in the Lesser Sunda Islands, with terrain shown by contour lines. Administrative districts, villages, routes, forests and crops (rice, coconut, coffee, banana, alang-alang, bamboo, Javanese pine) are marked.

Map of Soemba (Sumba) in the Lesser Sunda Islands, divided into three departments and 26 districts. Mountains, rivers, anchor points, shoals and reefs are marked around the coasts. Much of the interior of the island is left blank.

Map of Soemba (Sumba) in the Lesser Sunda Islands, divided into three departments and 26 districts. Mountains, rivers, anchor points, shoals and reefs are marked around the coasts. Much of the interior of the island is left blank.

Two maps of Lombok (Lesser Sunda Islands) from the time of the Dutch intervention which led to the colonisation of the island. Both maps focus on roads: the first covers the whole island; the second focuses on the capital city of Mataram.

This map of Lombok, in the Lesser Sunda Islands, mainly focuses on roads (marked in red) between the larger settlements. Mountains and rivers are also marked, with shoals, reefs and anchor points around the coast.

Map of Lombok in the Lesser Sunda Islands published by the Dutch newspaper ‘Ierseksche en Thoolsche Courant’. It mainly focuses on roads and paths between the larger settlements, with rivers and mountains also marked.

Hand-drawn map of Flores in the Lesser Sunda Islands, with extensive written notes describing the island, e.g. the interior is unknown to Europeans; the names of the main Christian villages are underlined.

This map of Asia is from ‘Stieler’s Schul-Atlas’, a version of ‘Stielers Handatlas’ that was used widely in German schools in the 19th century.

This map of Asia is from ‘Stieler’s Schul-Atlas’, a version of ‘Stielers Handatlas’ that was used widely in German schools in the 19th century.

Dutch map of the East Indies, with mountain ranges represented by simple hachure marks, and just a few rivers marked. Mainland Southeast Asia is labelled ‘Achter Indie [Beyond India]’.

Dutch map of the East Indies, with mountain ranges represented by simple hachure marks, and just a few rivers marked. Mainland Southeast Asia is labelled ‘Achter Indie [Beyond India]’.