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The most northern part of Southeast Asia is shown on this map of China and Japan, with Burma (Myanmar) and Tong-King (Vietnam) appearing at the bottom of the map. Mountains, rivers and settlements are marked, as well as a railway line in Burma.

Map of Asia featuring steamship routes—including around Southeast Asia—connecting ports such as Penang, Singapore, Batavia (Jakarta), Saigon, Bangkok, Rangun (Yangon), Manila, Macassar (Makassar) etc. There is also an inset map of Singapore.

The most northern part of Southeast Asia is shown on this map of China and Japan, with Burma (Myanmar) and Tong King (Vietnam) appearing at the bottom of the map. Mountains, rivers and settlements are marked, as well as a railway line in Burma.

Map of the Kingdom of Siam, featuring mountains, rivers and villages, and surrounded by a yellow border (the border with Upper Burma and China in the north is undefined). The southern part of Siam is shown on an inset map of the Malay Peninsula.

Map of the French military advance on the city of Lang-Son in February 1885 during the Sino-French War, and the following month’s humiliating retreat which brought an end to the war, and triggered the collapse of the French government.

Map of the city of Hué (Huế) on the Perfume River, east coast of Vietnam. There are forts, villages and rice fields along the river. In the city, there is the royal palace within walls and a moat, French military barracks and other colonial areas.

Map of Phu-Sa, a village to the northeast of the city of Sơn Tây (Vietnam), during the Tonkin campaign. It shows French troop positions (on the right, in red) before they attacked the defences of the China-backed Black Flag Army at Phu-Sa

Two maps, one of which features mainland Southeast Asia: Anam (Tonquin and Cochin China) in red, Lower Cochin China in green, Cambodia in yellow, and Siam in white. An inset map shows maritime routes between Europe and Asia.

This mid-19th century map of Southeast Asia is illustrated with drawings of indigenous people from New Guinea, a ‘bee bear’ (probably a sun bear), a sailboat in front of Victoria Mount in New Guinea, and a village and palm trees in Sarawak, Borneo.

The colonial possessions of Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal and Denmark are shown on this mid-19th century map of Southeast Asia. There are inset maps of Penang Island and Singapore, and text describing the region’s colonial history.

A map to aid in the navigation of the rivers leading to Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam). Details include bathymetry (water depth), currents, and a side view (or ‘elevation’) of hills to use as a landmark. Tides are described in written remarks.

There is a port at the south of this map of the Côn Đảo archipelago (Vietnam), and notes giving details such as a suitable location to careen ships (turning a ship on its side for cleaning or repair). A ruined English fort is also marked.