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The Lesser Sunda Islands are shown spread over these three late 19th century maps. Each island is divided into local administrative districts, with cities, mountains and routes marked. Shoals, lighthouses and anchor points are shown at the coasts.

Bali under Dutch colonial rule is shown here divided into eight regencies (administrative divisions). Contour lines indicate elevation, with the heights of some mountains noted. Shoals, reefs and sandbanks are marked around the coast.

This map of Java uses hachures: short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain. The coast is marked with shoals and reefs (dotted lines and crosses), bathymetry (sea depth, in figures) and anchor points (anchor symbols).

A navigation map of the Java Sea and Sunda Islands, with bathymetry (sea depth), maritime routes, shoals and reefs, and elevations (side views of terrestrial landmarks). Inset maps feature the bay at Batavia and the straits between the Sunda Islands.

A navigation map of the Java Sea and Sunda Islands, with bathymetry (sea depth), maritime routes, shoals and reefs, and elevations (side views of terrestrial landmarks). Inset maps feature the bay at Batavia and the straits between the Sunda Islands.

Map of Java divided into administrative areas. Mountains are shown pictorially, major rivers are named, and the coasts have shoals. The map is orientated with south at the top, so the island looks ‘upside down’ compared to how it is usually shown.

Map of Java divided into administrative areas. Mountains are shown pictorially, major rivers are named, and the coasts have shoals. The map is orientated with south at the top, so the island looks ‘upside down’ compared to how it is usually shown.

On this beautifully illustrated and detailed map of Java, mountains, trees, fields of crops and settlements are shown pictorially. The coasts are marked with shoals, reefs, bathymetry (sea depth, in figures) and anchor points.

On this beautifully illustrated and detailed map of Java, mountains, trees, fields of crops and settlements are shown pictorially. The coasts are marked with shoals, reefs, bathymetry (sea depth, in figures) and anchor points.