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A mid-19th century map of the city of Soerabaija (Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia) showing its recently built defences, including the ‘Citadel Prins Hendrik’ fort and a walled moat. Outside the city are villages, plantations and fields.

A mid-19th century map of the important port of Batavia (Jakarta), with its pier, commercial centre and residential streets. However, the city is also surrounded by villages (kampongs), fields and plantations. An inset map shows Batavia Castle.

This detailed map of the Dutch East Indies in the mid-19th century contains a great deal of information: topographical details, settlements and administrative areas, roads, railways and maritime routes, telegraph lines, inset maps etc.

Map of the South and East Department of Borneo, focusing on the rivers and settlements along the rivers. The names of local districts are also printed on the map.

The thick black lines on this map represent proposed routes for new railway lines in mid-19th century Java. The island is divided into administrative regions, with significant mountains and rivers marked.

The residency of Banjoemaas (Banyumas), Central Java, featuring plantations (bamboo, teakwood, coconut, coffee, cinnamon) and rice; routes (road, postal), administrative borders; mountains, rivers, wetlands, forests.

The residency of Bagelen, Central Java, is shown divided into regencies and districts. Coffee, tea and cinnamon plantations, fields of rice, alang-alang and other crops, mountains, rivers, hot and mineral springs, settlements and routes are marked.

Detailed map of Java based on the expeditions of the geologist and botanist Dr. Franz Junghuhn. There are 16 inset maps featuring volcanoes, mountains and coal seams.

Detailed map of Java based on the expeditions of the geologist and botanist Dr. Franz Junghuhn. There are 16 inset maps featuring volcanoes, mountains and coal seams.

One sheet (of eight) from a map of the Dutch East Indies, used in schools in the mid-19th century. Java is divided into residencies, and mountains—represented by short lines/dashes called hachures—major roads and settlements are shown.

Map charting expeditions in southern and eastern Borneo by the German geologist Carl Schwaner in the 1840s. Includes an inset map of rivers and watersheds in central Borneo, nine cross sections of the heights of rivers, and a plan of a gold mine.

This map of Java and Madura uses hachures: short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain. Roads, railways and rivers are marked, as are anchor points and coral reefs (marked with letter ‘K.’ before their name).