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Map marking the border (in orange) agreed between British and Dutch territory on Borneo in 1891. Alternative borders are shown: according to the Dutch (blue), according to the British North Borneo Society (yellow) and proposed by the British (green).

Map marking the border (in orange) agreed between British and Dutch territory on Borneo in 1891. Alternative borders are shown: according to the Dutch (blue), according to the British North Borneo Society (yellow) and proposed by the British (green).

Hand-drawn map of Flores in the Lesser Sunda Islands, with extensive written notes describing the island, e.g. the interior is unknown to Europeans; the names of the main Christian villages are underlined.

Map of Saleijer (Selayar)—an island off the south coast of Celebes (Sulawesi)—and nearby islands. Settlements and roads are shown, including a long road along the west coast which links cities marked with a Dutch flag, illustrating colonial rule.

Map of Saleijer (Selayar)—an island off the south coast of Celebes (Sulawesi)—and nearby islands. Settlements and roads are shown, including a long road along the west coast which links cities marked with a Dutch flag, illustrating colonial rule.

Three maps of the Caroline Islands. One shows colonised areas in Southeast Asia: Dutch East Indies; British North Borneo, British New Guinea; German New Guinea; Philippines (Spain); Portuguese Timor. The route of the Challenger expedition is marked.

Map showing the results of an 1884 agreement between the Netherlands and Britain to exchange parts of their colonial territories in New Guinea: the red area was ceded by the Netherlands to Britain; green was ceded by Britain to the Netherlands.

The Aceh War (1873–1904) between the Sultanate of Aceh and Dutch colonists is highlighted on this map of Groot-Atjeh in 1876. Flag symbols mark the locations of Dutch military posts, and some villages are described as ‘verbrande [burnt]’.

The Aceh War (1873–1904) between the Sultanate of Aceh and Dutch colonists is highlighted on this map of Groot-Atjeh in 1876. Flag symbols mark the locations of Dutch troops, while a red line records the route marched by ‘agitating troops’ in 1875-6.

This map of Groot-Atjeh (Aceh, northern Sumatra) focuses on the area in and around the city of Kota Radja (Banda Aceh) during the Aceh War. It shows current and former Dutch military fortifications, inhabited and abandoned villages, and rice paddies.

Two maps of the Dutch East Indies, decorated with drawings of local people and animals. Dutch colonial territory and local sultanates and provinces are highlighted. The heights of Java’s mountains and settlements are displayed in an elevation view.

Map of the Riouw (Riau) Residency, Sumatra. The border between Riau and the island’s west coast is marked in red ‘as far as it is known [voor zoo verre die... bekend is]’, ending abruptly in the unexplored mountains near Lake Toba, northern Sumatra.