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This map of Asia is from ‘Stieler’s Schul-Atlas’, a version of ‘Stielers Handatlas’ that was used widely in German schools in the 19th century.

This map of Asia is from ‘Stieler’s Schul-Atlas’, a version of ‘Stielers Handatlas’ that was used widely in German schools in the 19th century.

A nautical chart of the Indian Ocean showing bathymetry (sea depth), including in great detail around the seas and straits of Southeast Asia.

Map of the Kingdom of Siam, featuring mountains, rivers and villages, and surrounded by a yellow border (the border with Upper Burma and China in the north is undefined). The southern part of Siam is shown on an inset map of the Malay Peninsula.

On this map of Southeast Asia, numerous small islands, shoals and reefs are marked and named, especially in the South China Sea and around the Sunda and Maluku islands. Submarine cables to carry telegraph messages around the region are also shown.

British Burma is shown on the right of this two-sheet map of India. The green areas had come under British rule after the first and second Anglo-Burmese wars, with Upper Burma (light brown) being incorporated after the Third Anglo-Burmese War (1885).

Produced by the Intelligence Branch of the British War Office, this map shows Dutch colonial territories in maritime Southeast Asia, and their political and military divisions in Java and Madura. British and Spanish territories are also marked.

A late 19th century map showing the languages and dialects spoken in and around India, including regions of Siam, Burma and Malaya. The regions are colour-coded by language and bordered by red lines to indicate different dialects.

Map of East Asia, with British colonial possessions—Burma, Straits Settlements, Labuan and British North Borneo—highlighted with red borders. There is also an inset map of the Red River (Hong River) running through Hanoi, Vietnam.

Crops are marked on this map of Asia: Sumatra and Java have sugar, coffee, tea; the Lesser Sunda Islands and Maluku Islands have cinnamon, nutmeg and clove; mainland Southeast Asia has sugar and cotton. Arrows on the sea indicate currents.

Crops are marked on this map of Asia: Sumatra and Java have sugar, coffee, tea; the Lesser Sunda Islands and Maluku Islands have cinnamon, nutmeg and clove; mainland Southeast Asia has sugar and cotton. Arrows on the sea indicate currents.

A map of Southeast Asia coloured to indicate the five different language families spoken in the region in the late 19th century. Names of indigenous tribes/languages are marked in red text, with European colonial possessions in grey.