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Map of Singapore Island, including the surrounding islands and straits, and southern Johor. Lighthouses are marked in red and yellow, including Horsburgh Lighthouse on Pedra Branca, Raffles Lighthouse and Fort Canning Lighthouse.

Map of the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, showing the route taken along the rivers and coast by Hugh Clifford, who was the British Resident at Pahang at the time. In addition to rivers, significant mountains and settlements are marked.

Map of Asia featuring steamship routes—including around Southeast Asia—connecting ports such as Penang, Singapore, Batavia (Jakarta), Saigon, Bangkok, Rangun (Yangon), Manila, Macassar (Makassar) etc. There is also an inset map of Singapore.

Two maps of Siam (Thailand). The larger map shows routes through mountain passes from Siam to the city of Tavoi (Dawei, on the west coast of Myanmar). The smaller map is marked with trade routes around Lower Siam (Southern Thailand).

The colonial territories of British North Borneo are shown in pink on this late 19th century map, with Brunei and Sarawak in green, and Dutch colonial territory in yellow. Sea routes around the British Empire are depicted on an inset map.

Map of the Malay state of Johor, and Singapore. The route of a proposed railway north from Johor Bahru is shown. Apart from rivers and mountains, much of the terrain is blank, with labels such as ‘Unexplored Hill Country’ or ‘Dense Jungle and Swamp’.

Map of stream ship trade routes around Southeast Asia. Rivers, railways, submarine telegraph cables, lighthouses (fixed, revolving and flashing), graving docks and coaling stations are marked. An inset map shows a railway route from Britain to Asia.

Map highlighting areas of eastern Siam (Thailand) claimed by France. Notes describe Siam’s geography, government, population, military and trade (rice, teak, pepper, bullocks, fish, hides, tin, cardamom, tin), including trading partners by tonnage.

Map of the Baram District, Borneo, by the British ethnologist Charles Hose, divided into territories of indigenous peoples: Malanaus, Kayans, Kenniahs, Orang-Bukits, Sibops, Madangs, Kalabits, Balaits, Tutongs, Kadayans and Malays.

Topographical map of mainland Southeast Asia. Mountains are represented by hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—and settlements, roads and rivers are marked.

Map of the Malay state of Johor, and Singapore. The route of a proposed railway north from Johor Bahru is shown. Apart from rivers and mountains, much of the terrain is blank, with labels such as ‘Unexplored Hill Country’ or ‘Dense Jungle and Swamp’.

Map of the Malay Peninsula divided into States, with names of local peoples marked (e.g. ‘Inhabited by Sakai & Semang’). Lighthouses are shown around the coast—including Horsburgh Lighthouse and Raffles Lighthouse—with their visible distance.