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A map of Southeast Asia coloured to indicate the five different language families spoken in the region in the late 19th century. Names of indigenous tribes/languages are marked in red text, with European colonial possessions in grey.

This late 19th century map of Southeast Asia shows the best maritime routes around the region, according to the time of year. There are also inset maps highlighting the rivers and southern islands of Singapore, and the sea depth around Labuan Island.

Designed to aid navigation around the western Java Sea, this map features bathymetry (sea depth), current and tide data, and is marked with shoals, reefs and other hazards. Written notes add details at specific locations (e.g. ‘heavy tide rips’).

This late 19th century map of Southeast Asia shows the best maritime routes around the region, according to the time of year. There are also inset maps highlighting the rivers and southern islands of Singapore, and the sea depth around Labuan Island.

On the main map, the volcanic regions of Southeast Asia are labelled, active and extinct volcanos are marked, and the 1815 eruption of Tumbora (Mount Tambora on Sumbawa) is highlighted. Even more details are shown on an inset map of Southeast Asia.

Chart of the Indian Ocean, showing climate and weather-related data, including around the seas and straits of Southeast Asia where trade routes are marked, along with monsoon and typhoon regions, and currents during the different monsoon seasons.

Map of the rivers and river basins of Europe and Asia. In Southeast Asia, the Irawady and Menam Kong basins are shown, with their area in square miles (and their area as a multiple of the size of the Pregel River basin).

A world map, including Southeast Asia, showing isothermal lines—lines that join locations of the same temperature—of annual mean temperature. There are also isobars (lines that join locations of the same barometric pressure).

A world map showing winds, hurricanes and typhoons, including trade winds, calms, typhoon, monsoon and hurricane regions in Southeast Asia. An inset map shows the approach of the Rodriguez Hurricane towards Java in 1843.

A world map, including Southeast Asia, showing rainfall information (darker shading indicates greater rainfall). Southeast Asia lies in the ‘Zone of the Periodical Rains’, and is marked with monsoons and ‘Electrical Explosions’.

World map showing the distribution of plants, including in Southeast Asia (e.g. Areca catechu (betel tree), Calamus, Caryota urens, Altingia, Pinus Dammara (Amboina pine), P. sinensis). With data on plant growth in different temperature zones.

Map of important food crops (rice in Southeast Asia). Inset maps of tea, cassia, pepper, cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, sugar, coffee. With isothermal lines—lines joining locations of same temperature—of summer and winter temperatures, and plant drawings.